Effectiveness research of the new learning elements, initiated by the change to competency-based education model in Russia

Within the article the main principles for developing competency-based education, the principles for identifying competencies and the list of competencies that must be developed in a learner according to competency-based model, are analyzed. The new learning elements, initiated by the change to the competency-based education model in Russian Federation and by the new demands of Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, have been included. The new learning elements have been analyzed for the compliance with the considered principles of developing competencies. The competencies, which are developed by each particular learning element, have been identified. The results of an experiment on developing competencies in two groups of students - taught with the use of new learning elements, and taught by traditional means, have been considered. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Freedom of the High Seas and Struggle against Terrorism (Summary)

The article deals with the problem of illegal transportations of weapons of mass distraction (WMD) in the high seas. The basic principal of the international maritime law – freedom of the high seas – provides in particular for freedom of navigation. However freedom of navigation may contradict to the necessity of prevention of illegal transportation of WMD by the terrorist groups, which is deemed to be a part of the international “War on terrorism”. Measures of suppression of the illegal transportation of WMD are carried out in frames of the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI) and the 2005 Protocols to the 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (SUA Convention) and the 1988 Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Fixed Platform Located on the Continental Shelf (SUA Protocol). At present the PSI is regulated by means of the bilateral agreements, which are fulfilled by the signatory states